Final answer:
Functionalism, in the philosophy of mind, asserts that mental states are defined by their function rather than by their physical substrate, providing a coherent, systems-based understanding of the mind. However, it faces criticism for potentially overlooking the subjective, qualitative aspects of mental states such as qualia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Arguments For and Against Functionalism in Philosophy of Mind
One argument in favor of functionalism is that it provides a coherent account of the nature of the mind that aligns with our understanding of other biological systems. Just as digestion is the function of the stomach, and circulation is the function of the heart, thinking is considered the function of the brain. This perspective implies that mental states are not tied to a specific physical substrate but are defined by their role and contribution to the overall system—a view that supports the possibility of artificial intelligence since both computers and brains are seen as computational devices.
An argument against functionalism is that it may not capture the qualitative aspects of mental states, known as qualia. Critics argue that functional accounts overlook the subjective experience characteristic of mental states. This objection suggests that while a computer might process information like a brain, it lacks the intrinsic experience that comes with being a conscious entity, which could mean that functionalism does not fully encompass what it is to have a mind.