Final answer:
The conclusion 'All swans are white' is not valid as it is an example of inductive reasoning that commits the fallacy of weak induction, lacking sufficient evidence to support the generality of the claim.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conclusion 'All swans are white' based on the observation 'I have seen 7 swans that are white' is an example of inductive reasoning. However, this conclusion is an example of an inductive generalization and may not accurately represent all swans globally. In fact, the conclusion is invalid because it commits the fallacy of weak induction, as the premises do not guarantee the truth of the conclusion.
Inductive reasoning is a type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. Specifically, it moves from particular instances to broader generalizations. While it can be effective for generating hypotheses, it does not confirm universal truth since future observations may refute the generalization. For instance, the existence of black swans in Australia would invalidate the generalization that all swans are white.