Final answer:
DNS servers are responsible for mapping domain names to corresponding IP addresses, allowing devices to locate and identify each other on the Internet.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name-to-IP address mapping for registered devices/servers on the internet is provided by a) DNS servers. DNS stands for Domain Name System, which is essentially the phone book of the Internet. It translates human-friendly domain names, like 'www.example.com', into the numerical IP addresses required for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols.
By contrast, DHCP servers (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) assign dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network, proxy servers act as intermediaries for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers, and web servers serve content, like web pages, to users based on their requests.