Final answer:
The Rand formula states that bargaining unit employees who choose not to join the union still have to pay union dues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Rand formula is a labor law principle that applies to collective bargaining agreements. The correct option is: a) Bargaining unit employees who choose not to join the union still pay union dues. This means that even if an employee decides not to become a union member, they are still required to pay union dues.
The Rand formula prevents free riding, ensuring that all employees benefit from the collective bargaining efforts of the union. It is a provision aimed at promoting fairness and sustaining the financial viability of the union.