Final answer:
During collective bargaining, a lock out can be initiated by the employer, while a strike is typically initiated by the union. Option c
Step-by-step explanation:
The negotiation process during collective bargaining between unions and employers can involve various strategies and actions from both sides. Among the options listed, a lock out is an action that can be initiated by the employer. It involves denying the workers entry to the workplace, effectively ceasing their employment until a resolution is achieved.
Conversely, a strike is typically initiated by the union and consists of workers refusing to work until their demands are met. The other options, such as 'work to rule' and 'cease and desist action,' are not actions that are typically initiated by employers during the negotiation of a collective agreement. Option c