Final answer:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique that applies weak electric currents to the brain's surface, which can aid in the recovery of electrical functioning. The correct option is C).
Step-by-step explanation:
The technique that involves applying weak electric currents to the surface of the brain to observe ensuing behavior is called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This method utilizes a rapidly varying and very localized magnetic field placed close to targeted sites in the brain.
Induced electric currents can help in recovering electrical function in brain tissue and is used for research in disorders such as depression and hallucinations.
Unlike other brain imaging techniques like electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) scans, which monitor electrical activity, blood flow, or metabolic processes, TMS actively induces weak currents in specific brain regions to modulate neural activity.