Final answer:
Charged objects can interact without touching due to their electric fields, which exert electrostatic forces causing attraction or repulsion. This interaction is not due to gravitational, magnetic forces, or friction, but purely electrical in nature.
Step-by-step explanation:
Charged objects can have an effect on each other without touching through their electric fields. When an object has an electric charge, it generates an electric field around it.
This field exerts a force on other charged objects within its vicinity, either attracting or repelling them, depending on the nature of the charges involved.
This is known as the electrostatic force, which can cause objects to either c. swing towards each other due to the repulsive electrostatic force between them or d. swing away from each other due to the repulsive electrostatic force between them.
Furthermore, objects can be charged by contact or rubbing, which involves transferring electrons between objects, typically insulators.
The force that holds an atom together is primarily the electrical force, not gravitational or magnetic forces. Moreover, the magnetic force comes into play when moving charged objects or magnets interact, as per Essential Knowledge 3.C.3.
This allows charged objects to cause effects without direct contact, governed by their electric and magnetic properties.