Final answer:
Individuals adapt value systems based on personal experiences, according to Mannheim. This occurs through a continuous process of socialization that includes interactions with family, peers, institutions, and various agents of cultural transmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Mannheim, individuals adapt the value systems they receive based on personal experiences (C). Rather than solely through parental guidance, by rejecting all values, or by following societal norms exclusively, our values and norms are shaped by our ongoing interactions in various contexts throughout life. The process of socialization implies that we not only learn societal norms and expectations from our families and educational systems but also through our interplay with peers, workplaces, media, and other factors that cumulatively influence our perception and behavior.
This learning occurs as part of cultural transmission, where through direct interactions with various social groups, we absorb the beliefs, values, and norms of our society. Family, as the first agent of socialization, plays a crucial role, but as we grow, other settings contribute significantly to our social development. Ultimately, the way we understand and adopt societal values is a continuous process, largely occurring without conscious effort, through our exposure to and participation in the everyday practices of our culture.