Final answer:
A new moon is observed exactly 14 days after a full moon, representing the point in the Moon's cycle where the side facing Earth is not illuminated and appears dark. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Exactly 14 days after a full moon, a new moon is observed. During the Moon's cycle, it takes approximately 29.5 days for it to complete its phases from new moon to full moon and back to new moon.
The phases include the first quarter, where the Moon is a quarter of the way around its orbit, and half of the illuminated side is visible from Earth, rising around noon and setting around midnight. After a full moon, the Moon goes through the phases in reverse order, leading to a new moon, which occurs when the Moon is in between Earth and the Sun, with the dark side facing Earth.
Hence, Option c is correct.