Final answer:
The climate that predominantly covers the northern half of many continents is the Type D: Cold or Continental climate, characterized by cool to hot summers, very cold winters, and seasonal precipitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of climate that covers most of the northern half of the continent is mostly Type D: Cold or Continental climates. Type D climates are characterized by cool to hot summers and very cold winters, with seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation in the form of rain in summer and snow in winter. This climate type is commonly found away from the moderating influence of large bodies of water, and in the northern interiors of continents, such as in parts of Russia and Canada, where vast coniferous forests or the taiga can be found.
The temperate climate (Type C) is common in the mid-latitudes around the world, featuring distinct winters and summers with moderate ranges in temperature and varying levels of precipitation. However, it is not as dominant in the northernmost parts of continents, where Type D climates prevail.