Final answer:
When there is an excess of ADH in the body, the urine will be concentrated option (a). ADH regulates water absorption in the kidneys, and more ADH leads to increased water reabsorption, hence concentrated urine. In the presence of less ADH, such as when drinking a lot of water or consuming alcohol, urine becomes more dilute.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you have too much ADH (antidiuretic hormone), your urine will be concentrated option (a). ADH plays a critical role in regulating the body's water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. More ADH means more water is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, making the urine that is excreted more concentrated.
Concerning the review questions you've mentioned:
- Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by polyuria (b).
- The color of urine is determined mainly by the concentration of waste products in the urine.
- When a person drinks a lot of water, there is more water in the blood, leading to a decrease in ADH release and dilute urine that is typically paler in color.
- The osmotic balance between waste matter and bodily fluids (b) is crucial for maintaining the right urine concentration.
- ADH triggers the insertion of aquaporin water channels into the collecting duct of the kidneys, affecting the concentration of the urine (d).
- Inability of the kidneys to properly concentrate or dilute the urine during osmolality testing can indicate decreased kidney function.
- Drinking alcoholic beverages often leads to an increase in urine output because alcohol inhibits ADH release (a).