Final answer:
The claim that every tautology requires a repeated sentence letter is false. 'Suggestion' is the closest in meaning to 'hypothesis'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that every tautology contains at least one repeated sentence letter is false. A tautology is a formula that is true in every possible interpretation, but it doesn't necessarily require a repeated sentence letter. For example, the compound statement (P ∨ ¬P), which reads as "P or not P", is a tautology but does not contain any repeated sentence letters.
When considering the closest word in meaning to hypothesis, the best match is d. suggestion. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which is a suggestion pending further evidence, not yet elevated to the status of a confirmed fact, law, formula, or conclusion.
Regarding term limits and their impact, without supporting statistical data, we cannot determine the truth value of the statement that term limits have produced a statistically significant increase in the number of women serving in state legislatures, so it is safer to label this claim as false unless provided with appropriate evidence.
The statement about wave amplitudes is false. The amplitude of one wave is not affected by the amplitude of another wave unless they interact, which can occur even if they are not precisely aligned.