Final answer:
Benevolent societies were formed by immigrant communities to offer help in cases such as sickness, unemployment, and death, supporting members during times of personal hardship.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among immigrant communities, organizations were formed to offer assistance in cases of sickness, unemployment, and death. These organizations are known as D) Benevolent societies. Unlike labor unions, which focused on better wages, working conditions, and benefits for workers, or settlement houses, which offered free health care, education, and leisure opportunities, benevolent societies specifically aimed to support their members during times of personal hardship. Often formed along ethnic lines within communities, they provided a safety net and social infrastructure for immigrants adjusting to life in America.