Final answer:
A) Confirmation bias.
Over valuing psychologically available evidence is a result of the availability heuristic, which differs from confirmation bias that is the tendency to affirm one's existing beliefs. Both impact decision-making and understanding.
Step-by-step explanation:
Over valuing psychologically available evidence is often due to the availability heuristic, which is a tendency to evaluate new information based on the most recent or most easily recalled examples rather than objective data or statistical probabilities.
This is different from confirmation bias, which is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs and hypotheses. Confirmation bias is a common cognitive bias that affects how we gather and interpret information.
For example, if someone has a hypothesis that left-handed people are more creative, they may pay more attention to instances that support this idea while ignoring evidence to the contrary. Such bias can lead to faulty decision-making and can impede critical thinking and the scientific method.