Final answer:
Rule Utilitarianism is a branch of utilitarianism that evaluates actions based on whether following a universal rule maximizes happiness. It contrasts with Act Utilitarianism, which assesses individual acts without universal rules.
Step-by-step explanation:
“Rule Utilitarianism” is a modification or subdivision of utilitarianism whereby actions are not judged merely on individual consequences, but instead, they are judged based on universal rules that are formulated to maximize happiness if followed consistently. This contrasts with Act Utilitarianism, which assesses the consequences of a single act without consideration for the implications of a rule being followed over time.
Rule Utilitarianism operates under the principle that the utility of an action is determined by the happiness produced by following a general rule in the long run, thereby ensuring the greatest happiness for the greatest number through consistency and predictability in moral reasoning. Hence, Rule Utilitarianism involves a systematic approach to determining moral behavior by setting standards that, when universally applied, would result in the maximum aggregate happiness.