Final answer:
Bowman's capsule is the hollow, cup-shaped first part of the nephron tubule where filtered fluid is collected before entering the proximal convoluted tubule for further processing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hollow, cup-shaped first part of the nephron tubule you're referring to is known as Bowman's capsule. This structure encases the glomerulus and together with it forms the renal corpuscle. Filtered fluid collected by Bowman's capsule then enters into the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), which is responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and electrolytes, maximizing the reabsorption through its numerous microvilli. The renal tubule continues as the loop of Henle, which dips into the renal medulla, and eventually transitions into the distal convoluted tubule before connecting with the collecting ducts. These collecting ducts amass contents from multiple nephrons and lead to the calyces and eventually to the renal pelvis and ureter.