Final answer:
The serous membrane in question is the peritoneum, which comprises a parietal layer lining the abdominal wall and a visceral layer covering the abdominal organs, with serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity providing lubrication to reduce friction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The serous membrane covering the viscera of the abdomen and lining the interior of the abdominal cavity is known as the peritoneum. This membrane is essential in the sense that it provides a lubricated surface which minimizes friction and allows for the smooth movement of the abdominal organs. The peritoneum is composed of two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs themselves. Between these two layers is a fluid-filled space called the peritoneal cavity that contains serous fluid. This fluid is very important as it reduces abrasion and friction between the serosal surfaces of the peritoneum. The lubrication provided by the serous fluid is vital for preventing inflammation and damage to the organs.
Serous membranes are also found lining the thoracic cavity, specifically in the form of the pleura and the pericardium. The pleura encase the lungs, while the pericardium covers the heart. Much like the peritoneum, these membranes provide a protective, lubricating layer that prevents friction between organs and their surrounding structures.