Final answer:
An endocrine disorder with excess thyroid hormones is Graves' disease, causing hyperthyroidism, weight loss, and other symptoms like heart palpitations and heat sensitivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The endocrine disorder characterized by excess thyroid hormones is called Graves' disease. Signs and symptoms include insomnia, fatigue, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, heat intolerance, and weight loss. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where abnormal antibodies, known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI), target and stimulate the thyroid gland, leading to the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Graves' disease may cause symptoms such as heart palpitations, excessive sweating, diarrhea, weight loss despite increased appetite, muscle weakness, and heat sensitivity. One distinctive physical sign of Graves' disease, apart from weight loss and hypertension, is exophthalmos, commonly recognized as bulging eyes or Graves' ophthalmopathy.