Final answer:
Immunity that is designed to provide future protection against a specific antigen is called acquired active immunity, which can be achieved naturally through pathogen exposure or artificially through vaccination.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immunity designed to provide protection from exposure to an antigen in the future is known as acquired active immunity. This type of immunity is established through either natural exposure to a pathogen or through vaccination, leading to the development of immunological memory.
For instance, when a vaccine administers a killed or weakened form of a pathogen into a healthy individual, it results in artificially acquired active immunity without causing significant symptoms, preparing the immune system for future exposures to the pathogen.
In contrast, natural active immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and then recovers, thus developing immunity to future infections by that pathogen. For example, after recovering from a common cold, a person may not get the same cold again due to the immunity developed.
Hypersensitivity types, such as immediate, delayed, and autoimmunity, are unrelated to the process of active immunity acquisition