Question

Match each logical fallacy to its correct definition. (5 points)

1.
Circular reasoning
2.
Ad hominem
3.
Ad populum
d
4.
Slippery slope
5.
Red herring
a.
An attack on or criticism of someone's character rather than the logic or content of the argument
b.
Appeals to the popularity of a practice or concept as a method of persuasion
c.
The use of an argument's conclusion as a premise for proving the argument (assuming what it is attempting to prove)
d.
A tactic that is used to distract from an argument by avoiding key issues or ignoring opposing views
e.
A conclusion based on the premise, "if this, then that," often with an extreme or unlikely outcome

Answer 1

Circular reasoning is when the argument's conclusion is used as a premise to prove the argument. Ad hominem attacks a person's character instead of addressing their argument. Ad populum appeals to popularity, while slippery slope and red herring are used as distractions.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Circular reasoning: This logical fallacy occurs when the argument's conclusion is used as a premise for proving the argument. It assumes what it is attempting to prove. Example: 'God exists because the Bible says so, and we know the Bible is true because it is the word of God.'

2. Ad hominem: This fallacy attacks or criticizes someone's character instead of addressing the logic or content of their argument. Example: 'She's a liar, so her argument cannot be trusted.'

3. Ad populum: This fallacy appeals to the popularity of a practice or concept as a method of persuasion. Example: 'Everyone is doing it, so you should too.'

4. Slippery slope: This fallacy assumes that a small action will inevitably lead to more extreme or unlikely outcomes. Example: 'If we allow same-sex marriage, then people will start marrying animals.'

5. Red herring: This fallacy is used to distract from the main argument by introducing irrelevant issues or ignoring opposing views. Example: 'Yes, I lied about my grades, but what about all the good things I've done?'