Final answer:
The question discusses maintaining behavior using principles of behavior analysis, such as Skinner's operant conditioning and Thorndike's law of effect. These principles suggest that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, a concept that is tested through carefully designed experiments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the maintenance of behavior which is a concept from behavior analysis. This field is particularly interested in how behaviors are acquired and maintained. Specifically, the question covers the principle that behaviors which produce satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated—a concept formulated by Edward Thorndike as the law of effect and further developed by B.F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning. Skinner emphasized that the consequences of a behavior (reinforcements and punishments) determine the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
The ability to maintain learned behavior, such as showing up for work because we are paid, and not showing up if payment stops, is an example of the law of effect at work. To maintain a behavior, one must ensure that the behavior is followed by desirable consequences.
When researchers want to test hypotheses about such behavioral principles, they conduct experiments—a method that is different from observational studies, case studies, and surveys. Experiments are designed to establish cause-and-effect relationships and require a detailed experimental hypothesis to guide them.