Question

Which energy-requiring transport mechanisms function against a gradient?

a. Simple transport (PMF)
b. Group translocation (high E phosphate)
c. ABC system (ATP)

Answer 1

The energy-requiring transport mechanisms that function against a gradient are active transport, group translocation, and ABC system.

Step-by-step explanation:

The energy-requiring transport mechanisms that function against a gradient are:

1. Active transport: This is the process of pumping molecules and ions across membranes against a concentration gradient. It uses energy in the form of ATP produced by cellular respiration.
2. Group translocation: This is a mechanism that transports substances into bacterial cells against their concentration gradient. The transported molecules are chemically modified so that they do not require transport against an unfavorable concentration gradient.
3. ABC system: This is an active transport system that uses ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient.