Final answer:
Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional Anomie Theory B) emphasizes economic factors and how the pursuit of economic success can create conditions of anomie, which may lead to increased deviance and crime.
Step-by-step explanation:
Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional Anomie Theory primarily emphasizes economic factors in its analysis of crime and deviance within society. This sociological theory suggests that the high value placed on economic success and the subsequent pressure to achieve this success can undermine the effectiveness of other social institutions, such as the family, education, and political institutions.
Unlike social disorganization theory, which points out factors like poverty and family disruption as causes of deviance, or symbolic interactionism that focuses on interpersonal relationships, Institutional Anomie Theory considers the overarching influence of the economy and how its values potentially lead to high levels of deviance and crime.
The correct answer to the question is therefore B) Emphasizes economic factors, as Messner and Rosenfeld stress the ways in which anomic conditions arise when economic goals overshadow other social values and institutions, potentially leading to deviance.