Final answer:
The deterministic nature of biological explanations for mental illnesses having positive ethical implications can be seen as a partially true option (c), as it may reduce stigma but also bring up ethical concerns about free will and personal responsibility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'The deterministic nature of biological explanations for mental illnesses has positive ethical implications' falls under a common debate in psychopathology and the philosophy of the mind. Whether it's true, false, or partially true depends largely on one's perspective regarding the complexity of mental health disorders and the interplay between biological determinism and ethical considerations.
Biological explanations for mental illnesses, which often incorporate genetic factors and biochemical imbalances, can indeed have positive ethical implications. For instance, highlighting the biological underpinnings of mental illness can help reduce stigma and enhance empathy, as it frames these conditions as medical issues rather than moral failings.
However, they may also lead to controversial ethical quandaries, such as diminished perceptions of personal responsibility or free will, aligning with concepts of hard determinism highlighted in your reference materials.
Ultimately, whether the deterministic nature of biological explanations has wholly positive ethical implications is a complex issue and may be considered to be partially true, reflecting the multifaceted relationship between biology, behavior, and ethics in the context of mental health.