Final answer:
The management theory by Max Weber that focuses on an organization as a whole is known as Weberian Bureaucracy. It emphasizes a strict hierarchy, formal rules, impartiality, and top-level decision-making.
Step-by-step explanation:
The management theory introduced by Max Weber that suggested the classical approach to the entire organization, rather than specific work processes, is known as Weberian Bureaucracy or simply bureaucracy.
Weber's idealized bureaucracy is characterized by a strict chain of command, a system of formal rules and procedures, impartiality and impersonality, and decision-making at the top of the organization. This model of bureaucracy is constructed on the belief that organizations should be run in a rational manner with clear hierarchies and rules to ensure efficiency and predictability.
Weber believed that bureaucracies are necessary for managing complex societies and should be apolitical, hierarchically organized, and governed by formal procedures. However, the alienation of the individual within such a system, which Weber referred to as the 'iron cage,' is one of the potential downsides of this model, as it can result in a sense of disenchantment within society.