Final answer:
The important element of efficient resource allocation is sustainability, ensuring resources meet present needs without compromising future needs, balancing economic and environmental considerations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The important element of an efficient resource allocation target is sustainability (Option B). An efficient allocation of resources ensures that the resources are used in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. While equality, profitability, and randomness can influence how resources are allocated, sustainability is crucial because it balances economic, environmental, and social considerations to maintain the health and stability of economies and ecosystems over time. Considering that resources are limited, proper allocation is essential to achieve maximum benefit while ensuring that resources are not depleted or degraded.