Final answer:
The major glands in the endocrine system include the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, pineal, and thymus. They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to maintain bodily functions and homeostasis. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The eight major glands in the endocrine system referred to in the question are as follows: the pituitary gland, which is often regarded as the master gland because it regulates numerous other endocrine glands; the thyroid gland, which plays a crucial role in metabolism; the pancreas, which has functions in both digestion and blood glucose regulation through its endocrine cells.
The adrenal glands, which produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol; the gonads, which are the testes in males and the ovaries in females, responsible for hormone production related to reproduction; the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles; and the thymus, which is pivotal during childhood for the maturation of the immune system.
In addition to these, there are other minor endocrine glands such as the placenta during pregnancy, the kidneys which release renin and erythropoietin, and others like the corpus luteum in the ovaries.
Each of these glands secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions, maintaining homeostasis within the body. For clarity, the options provided such as 'Pseudo thyroid,' 'Pons,' and 'Parietal' do not correspond to any of the major endocrine glands.