Final answer:
Caratacus, a British chieftain of the Catuvellauni tribe, was the king's son captured and brought to Rome, where he was eventually pardoned by Emperor Claudius.
Step-by-step explanation:
The son of the King who was captured and brought to Rome was b) Caratacus.
Caratacus was a British chieftain of the Catuvellauni tribe who led the British resistance against the Roman conquest of Britain. His war campaigns against the Romans are well-documented by the Roman historian Tacitus. After years of guerrilla warfare, Caratacus was finally defeated by the Romans and was taken to Rome as a prisoner. Despite being captured, Caratacus remained dignified and gave a famous speech before Emperor Claudius, which earned him a pardon, although he remained in Rome under surveillance.
His story is intertwined with various aspects of Roman society and law, offering a look into the life and customs during the Roman Empire, such as when boys were given the white toga of manhood at age 15, and references to prominent Roman figures such as Cicero and others mentioned in the provided information.