Final answer:
The scientist-practitioner model historically provided the foundation for integrated approaches in psychology, combining practice and research, particularly in clinical psychology. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Historically, the scientist-practitioner model has provided the foundation for c) Integrated approaches in psychology. This model embodied the notion that psychologists should both practice and conduct research, marrying the two domains and promoting the application of scientific research to clinical practice.
This approach has been embraced in several applied areas of psychology, including clinical psychology, where there is a focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and the integration of research to inform therapeutic practices.