Question

How did Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's cultural revolution in Turkey differ from the Iranian Revolution of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran?

a) Ataturk's cultural revolution aimed for secularization and modernization, while Khomeini's revolution sought an Islamic state.
b) Both revolutions aimed at socialist economic reforms.
c) Ataturk's revolution focused on agricultural reforms, while Khomeini's revolution prioritized industrial advancements.
d) Khomeini's revolution aimed to strengthen ties with Western powers, while Ataturk's revolution sought independence from Western influence.

Answer 1

Ataturk's revolution in Turkey aimed for secularization and modernization, adopting Western elements like a new alphabet, fashion, and legal system, while Khomeini's revolution in Iran pursued the establishment of an Islamic state with conservative Islamic policies.

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct answer to the student's question is: a) Ataturk's cultural revolution aimed for secularization and modernization, while Khomeini's revolution sought an Islamic state.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s cultural revolution in Turkey in the 1920s aimed to sever ties with the old Ottoman Empire, creating a new secular republic with Westernized elements. This included granting women the right to vote, changing the alphabet from Arabic to Latin, banning traditional dress like the veil and fez in favor of European fashion, and adopting a European style legal system over that of Islamic law.

In contrast, the Iranian Revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979 sought to establish an Islamic state, removing the US-backed shah and implementing conservative Islamic policies. This was characterized by a desire to return to Islamic values and law, rejecting Westernization and secular governance in favor of religious rule.