Final answer:
The correct answer is the 19th and early 20th century, when the Purple Gang existed in North America, capitalizing on Prohibition by controlling illegal alcohol distribution. This period also saw racial tensions and the start of the Civil Rights movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
By the 19th and early 20th century, Purple Gang existed in many cities and towns in North America. The turn of the 20th century brought profound changes to the United States, with urbanization accelerating as the country shifted from an agrarian economy to an industrial one. This period saw significant internal migration and cultural transformations, such as the Harlem Renaissance. However, it also saw the rise in racial violence and the establishment of Prohibition, which was ratified by the 18th Amendment. Prohibition inadvertently fostered organized crime, and in Detroit, the Purple Gang capitalized on the situation by controlling the smuggling and distribution of illegal alcohol from Canada, contributing to the rise in violence and crime during the 1920s.
The 19th and early 20th centuries were also marked by escalating racial tensions, culminating in events like the 1919 Chicago race riot during the Red Summer. African Americans defended themselves against racist mob violence, a stark counterpoint to the peace promised by Progressive reforms. This period witnessed the early Civil Rights movement, with leadership emerging to challenge violence against minority communities and segregationist policies, thereby setting the stage for future advocacy and the demand for equal rights.