Final answer:
The cataracts of Nile affected Nubian trade by limiting Egyptian influence south of them, establishing trade routes between Egypt and Nubia, and leaving a mark on Nubian culture through trade and conflict.
Step-by-step explanation:
The CATARACTS of Nile affected Nubian trade in several ways.
Firstly, the cataracts served as physical barriers that limited Egyptian influence south of them. This allowed distinct cultures and kingdoms to emerge along the upper reaches of the Nile, including Nubia. Trade routes were established between Egypt and Nubia, with Nubia being a major source of valuable materials like gold and ivory for Egypt.
Furthermore, through trade and conflict, Egypt left a deep mark on Nubian culture, manifesting in architecture, art, religion, and language. However, Nubian culture was not entirely subsumed by Egyptian influences, and the two often coexisted in the same works of art.