Final answer:
The normal operating pressure range for air brake systems is usually 552 to 932 kPa (80 to 135 psi), as listed in option d). This range is crucial to maintaining for safety and effectiveness of the air brakes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The normal operating pressure range for air brake systems is typically between 552 to 932 kPa (80 to 135 psi). Option d) provides this range and is indicative of the proper pressure for the safety and functionality of air brakes in vehicles. The pressure in the system must stay within this range to ensure effective braking.
To give an example relevant to tire pressure, if a tire gauge reads 34 psi, then the absolute pressure is the gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Calculating this, we have 34 psi plus 14.7 psi (standard atmospheric pressure in psi), totaling 48.7 psi, which equates to approximately 336 kPa.
Understanding the pressure measurements and conversions is crucial for applications in various engineering fields, such as automotive engineering, where correct pressure ensures safety and performance.