Final answer:
The Roman monarchy lasted from 753 BCE until it was overthrown in 509 BCE due to tyrannical rule, leading to the establishment of the Roman Republic, which lasted until 27 BCE before becoming the Roman Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The monarchy in Rome existed from its founding in 753 BCE with Romulus as its first king, until 509 BCE, when the final king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown. This rebellion was sparked by the tyrannical acts of the last king, particularly the incident involving his son and a noblewoman named Lucretia. As a result, the Roman people decided to establish a new form of government in which power would not be concentrated in the hands of a single ruler to prevent future tyranny.
After the overthrow of the monarchy, the Romans established the Roman Republic, a system where officials were elected and the Senate played a significant role in governance. The Republic lasted until 27 BCE, gradually transforming into the Roman Empire after the rise of Julius Caesar and following the reign of the first emperor, Augustus.