Final answer:
Brunelleschi used herringbone brickwork for the construction of the Florence Cathedral dome, which remains a renowned example of Renaissance architecture and engineering.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of brickwork Filippo Brunelleschi used when constructing the Florence Cathedral, specifically its dome, was herringbone brickwork. This innovative design spiraled upwards, providing support and transferring the weight outwards to the dome's supports. This technique allowed the dome to be constructed without the need for flying buttresses, distinguishing it from the conventional Gothic architecture of the time. Brunelleschi's approach not only served a structural purpose but also embodied the Renaissance architectural movement's emphasis on symmetry, proportion, and a return to classical antiquity's architectural principles. The dome, being 43.2 meters high, is a testament to Brunelleschi's deep understanding of mathematics and physics, which were fundamental to the dome's construction.