Final answer:
The Parthenon, a celebrated example of Greek architecture, was built on the Athenian Acropolis and contained a statue of the goddess Athena, made from gold and ivory by Pheidias.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Parthenon was built on the Athenian Acropolis between 447 and 438 BCE. This classical temple was dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of Athens. Notably masterminded by the Athenian statesman Pericles, it was part of an ambitious building program. The Parthenon is renowned for its Pentalic marble construction, Ionic colonnades, and intricate architectural sculptures, such as the frieze and metopes. Inside, it housed a monumental statue of Athena, crafted by the celebrated sculptor Pheidias, and made from gold and ivory. Although now in ruins, primarily due to an explosion in 1687, the Parthenon remains a pinnacle of classical Greek architecture and a symbol of Athenian democracy and cultural achievement.