Final answer:
The dome of the Florence Cathedral was started in 1420 and completed in 1436, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi who used innovative techniques for its construction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The construction of the dome of the Florence Cathedral, also known as the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, began in the year 1420 and was completed in 1436. This monumental task was undertaken by the architect Filippo Brunelleschi who was entrusted with the project after winning a contest in 1418. His innovative design included a double-walled dome and a unique herringbone brick pattern that enabled the construction of the dome without the need for additional support structures. Brunelleschi's success in completing the dome, which remains a mathematical and architectural wonder, marks a significant turnaround in the 200 years during which the cathedral remained incomplete due to the absence of a feasible plan to construct the dome.