Final answer:
Reducing weight is the most effective lifestyle change to reduce the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, as it alleviates additional stress on the joints and can decrease pain and stiffness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most effective lifestyle change to reduce the signs and symptoms associated with osteoarthritis (OA) is reducing weight. Excess weight places additional stress on weight-bearing joints, thereby exacerbating the symptoms of OA. Contrary to what some may believe, avoiding exercise could actually worsen OA symptoms.
Instead, low-impact exercise such as swimming, water aerobics, and biking can improve joint mobility, strengthen muscles around the joints, and ultimately decrease pain and stiffness.
While restricting caffeine and abstaining from alcohol could have general health benefits, they do not directly impact the joint stress and pain associated with OA as significantly as weight management and exercise do.