Final answer:
The accuracy of the 406MHz EPIRB is typically ± 5 meters when combined with a GPS. Without GPS, the accuracy would be around ± 1 to 2 kilometers. Related calculations involve using time differences for position resolution and detecting details with radar and sonar systems. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The accuracy of the EPIRB 406MHz system is not precisely specified in the options provided (A. ± 1 Meter, B. ± 5 Meters, C. ± 10 Meters, D. ± 100 Meters), as it can significantly vary depending on various factors.
However, typically, the 406MHz EPIRB, when combined with a GPS (Global Positioning System), can have a positional accuracy of approximately ± 5 meters.
The 406MHz signal allows for data decoding by the satellites in the COSPAS-SARSAT system, which can calculate the position based on the Doppler effect on the signal frequency. Without GPS data, using only triangulation, the accuracy is less, typically around ± 1 to 2 kilometers.
Regarding the related calculations:
To achieve a position resolution of 1.00 mm using time differences, incredibly precise measurements of arrival time differences would be required. This relates to the time difference of arrival (TDOA) technique used in radar and sonar systems.
The finest detail observable using 500-MHz radar would be limited by the wavelength of the radar signal. Generally, higher frequencies can resolve smaller details.
If a submarine's sonar can measure echo times with a precision of 0.0100 s, the smallest detectable difference in distance would be dictated by the speed of sound in seawater, which is approximately 1500 m/s. Hence, the sonar could detect differences of approximately 15 meters in distance. Option B. is the correct one.