Final answer:
To integrate roles and departments in an organization, implementing cross-functional teams and projects and moving towards a flat organizational structure are effective strategies. These approaches promote collaboration and reduce both transaction and conformity costs.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering how to integrate roles and departments within an organization, there are a few effective strategies. An essential approach is to implement cross-functional teams and projects, which encourages collaboration among different departments. This can lead to a broader understanding of the business as a whole and result in more cohesive decision-making.
Another strategy is the shift towards more flat organizational structures. This move away from traditional hierarchies allows for a broader range of employees, including entry-level workers, to contribute their feedback and participate in decision-making processes, which fosters stronger collegial relationships among all levels of employees and managers.
While both delegation to a single person and group decision-making have their merits, in terms of integration, fostering a culture of teamwork and collaboration seems to be more effective in the long term. It not only reduces the transaction costs associated with departmental coordination but also ensures that conformity costs are minimized, as various insights and expertise are considered before decisions are made.