Final answer:
A measure of retention that involves identifying previously learned information from options is known as recognition. It is one of the three ways to retrieve information from memory, alongside recall and relearning.
Step-by-step explanation:
A measure of retention that requires participants to select previously learned information from an array of options is known as recognition. This type of memory retrieval involves identifying information that you have encountered before and is usually required in situations like multiple-choice tests where you recognize the correct answer among distractors. Another common form of memory retrieval is recall, which requires you to access information without cues, akin to answering an essay question from memory. Additionally, relearning is the process of learning information that you had previously known, which often occurs at a faster rate the second time due to the familiarity of the information.