Final answer:
Elaborative rehearsal is linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding. It involves connecting new information to existing knowledge to enhance memory retention. This technique is distinct from chunking, maintenance rehearsal, and the primacy effect.The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding is referred to as elaborative rehearsal. This technique involves thinking about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory. Through elaborative rehearsal, you connect new information with existing information, which can greatly enhance your ability to remember the new information. An example of this technique would be associating the area code 520 with Arizona if you just met someone from that state to better remember their phone number.
In contrast, chunking refers to the process of organizing information into manageable bits or chunks, which makes it easier to remember. Maintenance rehearsal involves simply repeating the information over and over again, which can help move it from short-term to long-term memory. The primacy effect is the tendency to remember information at the beginning of a list more easily than what follows.