Final answer:
The correct answer is c) Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, which is the sensation that a memory is just out of reach despite feeling like one is on the verge of recalling it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by the sensation that it's just out of reach, is known as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. This cognitive state occurs when a person cannot recall a particular word or fact despite feeling that retrieval is imminent. It's as if the memory is there, but one cannot quite access it. The example of not being able to remember the name of the actor Morgan Freeman, despite recalling his movies and awards, illustrates this phenomenon perfectly. Other concepts related to memory include retroactive interference, which is when newly learned information interferes with the recall of older information, and repression, which is a defense mechanism where uncomfortable thoughts are unconsciously pushed out of conscious awareness. Neither of these is as closely related to the sensation of knowing yet not being able to recall as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.