Final answer:
A mental shortcut in problem-solving is termed a 'heuristic,' which allows for quick, often subconscious, decision-making. This contrasts with an 'algorithm,' a step-by-step problem-solving method. Heuristics are used in routine scenarios, like navigating familiar routes, whereas algorithms might be used for new challenges. So, the correct answer isB) Rapid route.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term shortcut from Joshua Foer's TED Talk, as described in the student's question, can be associated with various terms that portray a faster or more direct path.
A shortcut implies choosing a path or method that is quicker than the usual way, often saving time or effort.
In relation to problem-solving, a mental shortcut is referred to as a heuristic.
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework that simplifies complex problems through educated guesswork or common sense.
It stands in contrast to an algorithm, which is a more rigid and systematic method of tackling problems.
The use of heuristics is quite natural for individuals.
For example, when navigating familiar routes, people tend to do so automatically without much conscious attention—using heuristics—while navigating an unfamiliar city demands more conscious and effortful thinking, which would be akin to employing more algorithmic methods.
Answering the student's question on the definition of a mental shortcut, the correct choice would be 'b. a heuristic' as per Kahneman's description of these cognitive tools.
So, the correct answer isB) Rapid route.