Final answer:
The two types of chromosomes are autosomes and sex chromosomes. Autosomes are 22 pairs of chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics unrelated to sex, while sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex in humans, with females having XX and males having XY. Option b is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two types of chromosomes in humans are autosomes and sex chromosomes. There are 22 pairs of autosomes, which contain genes unrelated to sex characteristics and are the same in both males and females. The sex chromosomes differ between males and females, with females having two X chromosomes and males having one X and one Y chromosome.
The Y chromosome is much shorter than the X chromosome and contains fewer genes. When a gene is located on the X chromosome, it is referred to as X-linked.