Question

Identifying genes acquired via HZT (3 methods)?

a) Southern blot, FISH, Microarrays
b) PCR, Gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing
c) GC content analysis, Codon usage, Comparative genomics
d) RT-PCR, Northern blot, CRISPR-Cas9

Answer 1

The identification of horizontally transferred genes can be conducted using GC content analysis, codon usage patterns, and comparative genomics. Techniques such as Southern blot, northern blot, and microarray analysis, which involve hybridization of nucleic acid molecules, can also be pivotal in such studies. Option c is correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

The student's question relates to the identification of genes acquired via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Among the options provided, the correct methods for such identification include:

1. GC content analysis
2. Codon usage analysis
3. Comparative genomics

GC content analysis assesses the proportion of guanine (G) and cytosine (C) in the DNA, which can significantly differ in foreign DNA compared to the host genome. Codon usage patterns can also indicate HGT, as organisms often have species-specific preferences for certain codons. Comparative genomics involves comparing DNA sequences between species to identify genetic material that may have been transferred horizontally.

Techniques such as Southern blot, northern blot, and microarray analysis all rely on nucleic acid hybridization.

For comprehensive analysis of potential HGT events, scientists may also utilize techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing to confirm the presence and integration of foreign genes into the host genome.