Final answer:
Taxonomy is the biological science concerned with the classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms, using a hierarchical system. Option b is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms, which includes the description, identification, naming, and organization of living things into systematically categorized groups. This field uses a hierarchical classification system, famously initiated by Carolus Linnaeus, which places organisms into increasingly inclusive levels, such as domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
The classification of fossils, while overlapping with geology, is also a part of taxonomy, as it is concerned with the categorization of living organisms, past and present. An important aspect of taxonomy is to create an internationally recognized framework that allows scientists worldwide to communicate clearly about different species.