Final answer:
Colin Kaepernick is known for refusing to stand for the Star-Spangled Banner, starting a wider conversation on racial injustice and the right to peaceful protest. The anthem was inspired by the American flag's endurance during the Battle of Baltimore in 1814, reflecting national pride and resilience.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who is most notably known for refusing to stand for the Star-Spangled Banner in recent times is former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick. Kaepernick began sitting during the national anthem in the 2016 NFL preseason to protest racial injustice and police brutality in the United States. His actions sparked widespread conversation and controversy relating to patriotism, free speech, and racial inequality.
It should be noted that while Kaepernick is the most famous example, other individuals across different spheres may have also chosen not to stand for the national anthem for various reasons, including personal beliefs or political protests. Such actions are a form of peaceful protest protected by the First Amendment in the United States, as affirmed by the Supreme Court in cases like West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette.
Furthermore, the Star-Spangled Banner itself, written by Francis Scott Key, was inspired by the American flag's resilience during the British bombardment of Baltimore's Fort McHenry in 1814.