Final answer:
Percutaneous transcatheter closure is a treatment for mitral valve issues such as damage from subacute bacterial endocarditis. It serves as an alternative to open-heart surgery, addressing valve dysfunctions like regurgitations due to prolapse. Treatments vary based on the condition's severity, including lifestyle changes and surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'percutaneous transcatheter closure' refers to a minimally invasive procedure to repair the mitral valve of the heart without the need for open-heart surgery. In the context of subacute bacterial endocarditis, this condition can lead to the formation of bacterial vegetations on the valve, which can compromise its function and lead to significant health issues. The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and consists of two cusps attached to the ventricle wall by the chordae tendineae.
When comparing acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis, both conditions involve an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves (endocardium), but they differ in onset and severity. Acute bacterial endocarditis is rapid and can be life-threatening without prompt treatment, while subacute bacterial endocarditis develops more slowly and may have a less aggressive course.
Various treatments for heart valve issues include percutaneous interventions, like the procedure mentioned above, as well as coronary bypass surgery and angioplasty. While coronary bypass surgery is effective for treating myocardial infarction (MI) in specific cases, it does not necessarily improve long-term survival rates and may lead to a decrease in mental acuity. Lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and medication to manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and reduces clotting can be equally effective. Valve prolapse is another issue that can lead to regurgitation and is often indicated by a heart murmur. This may necessitate surgical intervention if it results in significant disruption to blood flow.