Final answer:
Anita's low hematocrit suggesting anemia could be due to deficiencies in folate or vitamin B-12, essentials for healthy red blood cell production. Her diet adheres to recommendations, so absorption issues may be present. Increasing dietary intake of B-12-rich foods or supplements could help.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anemia is a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin, leading to a lack of oxygen being delivered to body tissues. Among the types of anemia, folate deficiency anemia is concerning because folate plays a crucial role in the synthesis of nucleotides required for DNA replication and repair necessary for the production of healthy RBCs. If Anita is following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she would likely be consuming enough folate, unless there is an issue with absorption or an increase in demand.
Deficiency in vitamin B-12 can also lead to anemia, specifically pernicious anemia, which is caused by poor absorption of vitamin B-12 from the diet. Even if Anita's diet includes adequate amounts of vitamin B-12, she may experience absorption issues due to age-related changes in stomach acidity or possible atrophic gastritis. To improve her vitamin B-12 status, Anita might consider increasing her intake of vitamin B-12-rich foods such as fortified cereals, dairy products, eggs, and possibly supplementation under medical supervision.